Journal: Neural Regeneration Research
Article Title: Elucidation of the mechanism by which manganese-ferric Prussian blue nanozymes alleviate ischemic stroke damage in a mouse model
doi: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00837
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6 |Therapeutic mechanisms of MnPB nanozymes and SCFAs in MCAO model. (A) Illustration of the concentration-dependent cellular uptake of MnPB nanozymes, highlighting the biocompatibility and internalization efficiency in NCM460 cells. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Assessment of the toxic effects of MnPB nanozymes on NCM460 cells, demonstrating safety within a concentration range of 0–50 μg/mL (n = 5). (C) Assessment of the toxic effects of MnPB nanozymes on BV-2 cells, demonstrating safety within a concentration range of 0–50 μg/mL (n = 5) (D) Examination of the toxic impact of H2O2 on BV-2 cells, establishing a baseline for oxidative stress-induced injury (n = 5). (E) Evaluation of the protective effects of different concentrations of MnPB nanozymes and SCFAs on cell survival in an in vitro oxidative stress injury model induced by H2O2 (n = 5). (F–H) Determination of the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), and sodium butyrate (NaB) on BV-2 cells after a 12-hour treatment period using the CCK-8 kit (n = 5). (I) Assessment of the combined toxicity of NaA, NaP, NaB, and SCFAs mixtures on BV-2 cells after a 12-hour exposure, confirming the safety of the selected concentration ratios (n = 5). (J) Utilization of the DCFH-DA assay to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect of varying concentrations of SCFAs. (K) Quantitative analysis of ROS spectral intensity, providing insights into the antioxidant capacity of SCFAs (n = 3). (L) Flow cytometry results depicting the apoptotic effects in BV-2 cells under oxidative stress. (M) Statistical analysis of apoptosis rates, revealing the protective role of SCFAs against cell death (n = 3). (N) Analysis of LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells and the subsequent impact of SCFAs supplementation on the expression of TLR4, IKKα, and p65, as detected by immunoblotting. (O) Presentation of protein expression level statistics, indicating the modulatory effects of SCFAs on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway (n = 3). (P) Detection of TLR4, IKKα, and pp65 expression in BV-2 cells following blockade of the TLR4 pathway, further elucidating the mechanism of action (n = 3). (Q) Quantitative analysis of protein expression levels, reinforcing the role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the observed effects (n = 3). (R) Immunoblotting detection of TLR4, IKKα, and pp65 expression in brain tissues, providing in vivo evidence of the pathway’s involvement. (S) Quantitative analysis of protein expression density relative to the control group, underscoring the significance of TLR4/NF-κB modulation in the therapeutic effects (n = 3). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, vs. MCAO group (one- way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). CCK-8: Cell counting kit-8; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IKKα: inhibitory kappa B kinase α; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MnPB: manganese-iron Prussian blue; NF-κB: nuclear factor κB; RBITC: Rhodamine B isothiocyanate; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4.
Article Snippet: Cell culture and in vitro experimental design The human normal colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA, CRL-1807, RRID:CVCL_2872) and BV-2 microglial cells (American Type Culture Collection, CRL-2467, RRID:CVCL_5744) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA, Cat# 11965092) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, Cat# A5669701) and 1% of an antibiotic mixture containing penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco, Cat# 15140122).
Techniques: Concentration Assay, In Vitro, CCK-8 Assay, DCFH-DA Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Western Blot, In Vivo, Control, Cell Counting